publications

selected and recent publications. For the full and most up-to-date list, please see Google Scholar.

2026

  1. From Attacks to Curricula: Learnability-Guided Adversarial Training for Safe Autonomous Driving
    Yuewen Mei, Tong Nie, Jie Sun, Haotian Shi, Wei Ma, and Jian Sun
    arXiv preprint arXiv:2606.14032, 2026
    TL;DR: Turns adversarial attacks into learnability-guided curricula so autonomous driving policies train on hard but useful scenarios for safer closed-loop robustness.
  2. EvoDrive: Pareto Evolution for Safety-Critical Autonomous Driving via Self-Improving LLM Agents
    Tong Nie, Yuewen Mei, Yihong Tang, Junlin He, Jie Deng, Jian Sun, and Wei Ma
    arXiv preprint arXiv:2606.03678, 2026
    TL;DR: Uses self-improving LLM agents and Pareto evolution to search safety-critical driving scenarios that balance attack strength, realism, and diversity.
  3. MobEvolve: An Agentic Self-Evolving Heuristic System for Interpretable Human Mobility Generation
    Junlin He, Yihong Tang, Tong Nie, Ao Qu, Yuebing Liang, Hamzeh Alizadeh, Bang Liu, Wei Ma, and 1 more author
    arXiv preprint arXiv:2606.01640, 2026
    TL;DR: Builds a self-evolving heuristic-agent system that generates interpretable human mobility records with behavioral plausibility and macro-level distribution alignment.
  4. ADV-0: Closed-Loop Min-Max Adversarial Training for Long-Tail Robustness in Autonomous Driving
    Tong Nie, Yihong Tang, Junlin He, Yuewen Mei, Jie Sun, Lijun Sun, Wei Ma, and Jian Sun
    arXiv preprint arXiv:2603.15221, 2026
    TL;DR: Formulates closed-loop adversarial training as a min-max game to improve long-tail robustness against rare but safety-critical autonomous driving scenarios.
  5. Steerable Adversarial Scenario Generation through Test-Time Preference Alignment
    Tong Nie, Yuewen Mei, Yihong Tang, Junlin He, Jie Sun, Haotian Shi, Wei Ma, and Jian Sun
    In International Conference on Learning Representations, 2026
    TL;DR: Aligns adversarial scenario generation with test-time preferences, enabling steerable driving tests that remain realistic while exposing targeted failures.
  6. E3AD: An Emotion-Aware Vision-Language-Action Model for Human-Centric End-to-End Autonomous Driving
    Yihong Tang, Haicheng Liao, Tong Nie, Junlin He, Ao Qu, Kehua Chen, Wei Ma, Zhenning Li, and 2 more authors
    In IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2026
    TL;DR: Adds emotion-aware vision-language-action reasoning to end-to-end autonomous driving for more human-centric behavior in open traffic scenarios.
  7. Reasoning-preserved Efficient Distillation of Large Language Models via Activation-aware Initialization
    Junlin He, Yihong Tang, Tong Nie, Guilong Li, Binyu Yang, Jinxiao Du, Lijun Sun, and Wei Ma
    In International Conference on Machine Learning, 2026
    TL;DR: Preserves LLM reasoning ability during efficient distillation by initializing compact models with activation-aware knowledge from larger models.
  8. KDD
    LLMSynthor.png
    LLMSynthor: Macro-Aligned Micro-Records Synthesis with Large Language Models
    Yihong Tang, Menglin Kong, Junlin He, Tong Nie, Wei Ma, and Lijun Sun
    In ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, 2026
    TL;DR: Synthesizes micro-level records with LLMs while matching macro-level aggregate controls, improving realistic data generation under distribution constraints.
  9. Collaborative Imputation of Urban Time Series through Cross-City Meta-Learning
    Tong Nie, Wei Ma, Jian Sun, Yu Yang, and Jiannong Cao
    IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, 2026
    TL;DR: Learns cross-city meta-initializations for implicit neural representations, enabling collaborative imputation of urban time series with limited target-city data.

2025

  1. TII
    TII.png
    Predicting Large-scale Urban Network Dynamics with Energy-informed Graph Neural Diffusion
    Tong Nie, Jian Sun, and Wei Ma
    IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, 2025
    TL;DR: Models large-scale urban network dynamics with an energy-informed graph neural diffusion mechanism that is interpretable and scalable for real city systems.
  2. AIT
    LLM4TR.png
    Exploring the Roles of Large Language Models in Reshaping Transportation Systems: A Survey, Framework, and Roadmap
    Tong Nie, Jian Sun, and Wei Ma
    Artificial Intelligence for Transportation, 2025
    TL;DR: Surveys how LLMs can reshape transportation sensing, modeling, management, and decision support, with a framework and roadmap for the field.
  3. LLM-attacker: Enhancing Closed-loop Adversarial Scenario Generation for Autonomous Driving with Large Language Models
    Yuewen Mei, Tong Nie, Jian Sun, and Ye Tian
    IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 2025
    TL;DR: Uses LLMs to enhance closed-loop adversarial scenario generation, improving the discovery of safety-critical failures for connected autonomous vehicle testing.
  4. TRE
    LLM4Delivery.png
    Joint Estimation and Prediction of City-wide Delivery Demand: A Large Language Model Empowered Graph-based Learning Approach
    Tong Nie, Junlin He, Yuewen Mei, Guoyang Qin, Guilong Li, Jian Sun, and Wei Ma
    Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 2025
    TL;DR: Combines LLM-based location encoding with graph learning to jointly estimate and predict city-wide delivery demand across urban regions.
  5. Contextualizing MLP-Mixers Spatiotemporally for Urban Traffic Data Forecast at Scale
    Tong Nie, Guoyang Qin, Lijun Sun, Wei Ma, Yu Mei, and Jian Sun
    IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 2025
    TL;DR: Contextualizes lightweight MLP-Mixers with spatial and temporal structure for scalable, city-wide traffic forecasting.
  6. Seeking to Collide: Online Safety-Critical Scenario Generation for Autonomous Driving with Retrieval Augmented Large Language Models
    Yuewen Mei, Tong Nie, Jian Sun, and Ye Tian
    In IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 2025
    TL;DR: Uses retrieval-augmented LLMs for online generation of collision-seeking scenarios that stress-test autonomous driving policies.
  7. Geolocation Representation from Large Language Models are Generic Enhancers for Spatio-Temporal Learning
    Junlin He, Tong Nie, and Wei Ma
    In AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 2025
    TL;DR: Extracts training-free geolocation representations from LLMs as generic enhancers for diverse spatiotemporal prediction tasks.

2024

  1. TRC
    STINR.png
    Spatiotemporal Implicit Neural Representation as a Generalized Traffic Data Learner
    Tong Nie, Guoyang Qin, Wei Ma, and Jian Sun
    Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, 2024
    TL;DR: Represents traffic dynamics as continuous implicit neural functions, creating a generalized learner for sparse, irregular, and multi-resolution traffic data.
  2. Channel-Aware Low-Rank Adaptation in Time Series Forecasting
    Tong Nie, Yuewen Mei, Guoyang Qin, Jian Sun, and Wei Ma
    In ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management, 2024
    TL;DR: Introduces channel-aware low-rank adaptation to balance channel independence and dependence in efficient multivariate time-series forecasting.
  3. KDD
    ImputeFormer.png
    ImputeFormer: Low Rankness-Induced Transformers for Generalizable Spatiotemporal Imputation
    Tong Nie, Guoyang Qin, Wei Ma, Yuewen Mei, and Jian Sun
    In ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, 2024
    TL;DR: Injects low-rank structure into Transformers for generalizable and efficient spatiotemporal imputation under diverse missing patterns.

2023

  1. TRC
    GNN4Flow.png
    Towards Better Traffic Volume Estimation: Jointly Addressing the Underdetermination and Nonequilibrium Problems with Correlation-Adaptive GNNs
    Tong Nie, Guoyang Qin, Yunpeng Wang, and Jian Sun
    Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, 2023
    TL;DR: Addresses underdetermination and nonequilibrium in traffic volume estimation with correlation-adaptive graph neural networks.
  2. TRC
    Tensor4Kriging.png
    Correlating Sparse Sensing for Large-Scale Traffic Speed Estimation: A Laplacian-Enhanced Low-Rank Tensor Kriging Approach
    Tong Nie, Guoyang Qin, Yunpeng Wang, and Jian Sun
    Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, 2023
    TL;DR: Combines low-rank tensor kriging with Laplacian graph regularization to estimate large-scale traffic speeds from sparse sensors.

2022

  1. TRC
    LRTC.png
    Truncated Tensor Schatten p-Norm Based Approach for Spatiotemporal Traffic Data Imputation with Complicated Missing Patterns
    Tong Nie, Guoyang Qin, and Jian Sun
    Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, 2022
    TL;DR: Uses truncated tensor Schatten p-norm regularization with ADMM to impute traffic data under complex missing patterns.